MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO

is a liquid foliar fertilizer containing 150 g of boron (B) in 1 liter in the form of boroethanolamine enriched with INT Technology to facilitate the uptake and movement of boron in plants.
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MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO

DESCRIPTION

Using lower doses than standard doses, MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO effectively prevents and eliminates boron deficiencies and reduces their negative effects.

MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO used prophylactically in crops with high requirements for boron (brassica crops, beets, potato, fruit trees and bushes, strawberry, root vegetables) – is the most effective source of boron. It is also indispensable when soil conditions exist that limit the availability of this nutrient to plants (high or low pH, soil water deficiency, low organic matter content, agronomic category: very light and light soils).
Applied at the times and doses recommended in the fertilization programs of individual species, it effectively prevents the development of boron deficiency in plants.

MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO used interveningly effectively eliminates boron deficiency and reduces the negative effects of such periodic deficiency. Intervention feeding is necessary when there are visual symptoms of boron deficiency on plants or when the results of plant material analysis indicate too low boron content (latent deficiency).

Boron (B) supplied in MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO fertilizer has a beneficial effect on yield size and quality, including:

  • proper growth and development of the youngest parts of plants: growth cones, roots (especially root hairs – better uptake of water and nutrients), as well as shoots, buds, fruits
  • proper course of flower fertilization processincreased efficiency of nutrient uptake
  • improvement of yield quality parameters (e.g., increase in sugar content in the crop – beets, fruits, vegetables)
  • better firmness of fruit (synergistic effect with calcium) increased resistance of plants to stress conditions during the growing season.

 

 

 

MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO is approved for use in international organic farming in accordance with regulation (EU) 2018/848 and is listed at www.inputs.bio

 

 

Using lower doses than standard doses, MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO effectively prevents and eliminates boron deficiencies and reduces their negative effects.

MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO used prophylactically in crops with high requirements for boron (brassica crops, beets, potato, fruit trees and bushes, strawberry, root vegetables) – is the most effective source of boron. It is also indispensable when soil conditions exist that limit the availability of this nutrient to plants (high or low pH, soil water deficiency, low organic matter content, agronomic category: very light and light soils).
Applied at the times and doses recommended in the fertilization programs of individual species, it effectively prevents the development of boron deficiency in plants.

MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO used interveningly effectively eliminates boron deficiency and reduces the negative effects of such periodic deficiency. Intervention feeding is necessary when there are visual symptoms of boron deficiency on plants or when the results of plant material analysis indicate too low boron content (latent deficiency).

Boron (B) supplied in MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO fertilizer has a beneficial effect on yield size and quality, including:

  • proper growth and development of the youngest parts of plants: growth cones, roots (especially root hairs – better uptake of water and nutrients), as well as shoots, buds, fruits
  • proper course of flower fertilization processincreased efficiency of nutrient uptake
  • improvement of yield quality parameters (e.g., increase in sugar content in the crop – beets, fruits, vegetables)
  • better firmness of fruit (synergistic effect with calcium) increased resistance of plants to stress conditions during the growing season.
  • Using lower doses than standard doses, MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO effectively prevents and eliminates boron deficiencies and reduces their negative effects.

    MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO used prophylactically in crops with high requirements for boron (brassica crops, beets, potato, fruit trees and bushes, strawberry, root vegetables) – is the most effective source of boron. It is also indispensable when soil conditions exist that limit the availability of this nutrient to plants (high or low pH, soil water deficiency, low organic matter content, agronomic category: very light and light soils).
    Applied at the times and doses recommended in the fertilization programs of individual species, it effectively prevents the development of boron deficiency in plants.

    MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO used interveningly effectively eliminates boron deficiency and reduces the negative effects of such periodic deficiency. Intervention feeding is necessary when there are visual symptoms of boron deficiency on plants or when the results of plant material analysis indicate too low boron content (latent deficiency).

    Boron (B) supplied in MIKROVIT® BORON TURBO fertilizer has a beneficial effect on yield size and quality, including:

    • proper growth and development of the youngest parts of plants: growth cones, roots (especially root hairs – better uptake of water and nutrients), as well as shoots, buds, fruits
    • proper course of flower fertilization processincreased efficiency of nutrient uptake
    • improvement of yield quality parameters (e.g., increase in sugar content in the crop – beets, fruits, vegetables)
    • better firmness of fruit (synergistic effect with calcium) increased resistance of plants to stress conditions during the growing season.

Additional Information

Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ Spring: tillering Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ stem elongation
◇/◆ flag leaf stage / beginning of heading
The application time should be considered as optimal when high quality varieties are grown, which have increased demand for boron. Also to improve the quality parameters of the grain (falling number), and on the fields with detected significant soil boron deficit.
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ leaf development – tillering Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ stem elongation
◇/◆ flag leaf stage / beginning of heading The application time should be considered as optimal when high quality varieties are grown, which have increased demand for boron. Also to improve the quality parameters of the grain (falling number), and on the fields with detected significant soil boron deficit.
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ Spring: continuation of tillering Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ stem elongation
◇ flag leaf stage / beginning of heading
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ Spring: continuation of tillering Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ stem elongation
◇ flag leaf stage / beginning of heading
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ Spring: continuation of tillering Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ flag leaf stage / beginning of heading
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ beginning of stem elongation Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ flag leaf stage / beginning of heading
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ Spring: beginning of stem elongation Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ flag leaf stage – until first awns visible
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ beginning of stem elongation Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ flag leaf stage – until first awns visible
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ Spring: beginning of stem elongation Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ flag leaf stage – until first awns visible
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ leaf development – until beginning of stem elongation Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ flag leaf stage – until beginning of heading
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ leaf development – tillering Foliar treatments – single dose 0.15–0.4 L/ha
◇ stem elongation – until flag leaf stag
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ Autumn: 4–8 leaves unfolded
In the case of additional PGR and disease control treatments  apply MIKROVIT BORON in each treatment at a dose of 0.2–0.5 l/h
Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ Spring: beginning of main stem elongation
◆ bud formation – until beginning of flowering
In the case of additional treatments for pest (Meligethes aeneus) control during budding, apply MIKROVIT BORON in each treatment at a dose of 0.2–0.3 L/ha.
◇/◆ from the beginning of petal fall – until the beginning of pods development
The treatment should be considered as optimal in case of lack of foliar application of boron before flowering.
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ leaf development – until beginning of main stem elongation
In the case of additional diseases and pests control treatments apply MIKROVIT BORON in each treatment at a dose of 0.2–0.5 L/ha.
Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ bud formation – until beginning of flowering
In the case of additional treatments for pest (Meligethes aeneus) control during budding, apply MIKROVIT BORON in each treatment at a dose of 0.2–0.3 L/ha.
◇/◆ from the beginning of petal fall – until the beginning of pods development
The treatment should be considered as optimal in case of lack of foliar application of boron before flowering.
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ 2–3 pairs of leaves (BBCH 14–16) Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of stem elongation (BBCH 30–33)
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ leaf development on the main stem (BBCH 12–19) Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ stem growth (BBCH 30–39)
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ 2–6 leaves unfolded (4 leaves is the optimum stage for treatment) Foliar treatments – ingle dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ 7–8 leaves unfolded
◆ stem elongation – until beginning of tassel formation
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ beginning of leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of crop cover
◆ beginning of storage root development
◇/◆ 14–21 days after beginning of storage root development: 1–2 treatments every 7–10 days
The treatment should be considered as optimal in the case of clear symptoms of boron deficiency.
Application times for foliar treatmetns (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ growth of shoots and leaves (plant height ˃15 cm) Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of tuber growth
◇/◆ tuber growth: 1–2 treatments every 14–21 days
The treatment should be considered as optimal in case of growing of starchy potatoes.
Application times for foliar treamtents (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ first trifoliate leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flower bud development
Application times for foliar treamtents (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ first trifoliate leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flower bud development
Application times for foliar treamtents (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ first trifoliate leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flower bud development
Application times for foliar treamtents (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ first trifoliate leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flower bud development
Application times for foliar treamtents (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ first trifoliate leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flower bud development
Application times for foliar treamtents (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ first trifoliate leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flower bud development
Application times for foliar treamtents (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ first trifoliate leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flower bud development
Application times for foliar treamtents (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ first trifoliate leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flower bud development
Application times for foliar treamtents (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ rosette development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flower bud development
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ 4–6 true leaves (BBCH 14–16) Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of stem elongation until floral bud becomes visible (BBCH 30–52)
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ leaf development (BBCH 13–15) Foliar treamtnets – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ beginning of stem elongation (BBCH 31-35)
◆ stem elongation until beginning of tassel formation (BBCH 36–51)
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ leaf development until tillering (BBCH 17–19) Foliar treatments -single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ tillering (BBCH 25–29)
◆ beginning of stem elongation until beginning of heading (BBCH 31–35)
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ leaf development – tillering Foliar treatments -single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of stem formation
◆ beginning of panicle emergence
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ beginning of leaf development Foliar treamtents – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of side shoots formation
◆ beginning of flower bud development
◇/◆ beginning of bolls development
The treatment should be considered as optimal when plants are grown on alkaline soils, and in the case of shortage of water in the soil and boron symptoms deficiency.
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ green bud stage Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flowering
◆ end of flowering: majority of petals fallen
◇ beginning of fruit development
◆ after harvest
◆ before beginning of leaf colour turning
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ Spring: leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ Spring/summer: growth of main stem and side shoots
◇ Autumn: before beginning of leaf colour turning
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ 1st year – summer (about 3–4 weeks after budding): end of shoot and leaf growth Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◇ 1st year – autumn: before beginning of leaf colour turning
◇ 2nd year – spring (after cutting the rootstock above the budding place): beginning of shoot and leaf development
◆ 2nd year – spring/summer: growth of main stem and side shoots
◇ 2nd year – autumn: before beginning of leaf colour turning
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ 1st year – summer: growth of main stem and leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◇ 1st year – autumn: before beginning of leaf colour turning
◇ 2nd year – spring (10–14 days after cutting the main stem at a height of approx. 60–65 cm.): beginning of shoot and leaf development
◆ 2nd year – spring/summer: growth of main stem and side shoot
◇ 2nd year – autumn: before beginning of leaf colour turning
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ green bud stage Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flowering
◆ end of flowering: majority of petals fallen
◇ beginning of fruit development
◆ after harvest
◆ before beginning of leaf colour turning
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ inflorescence emergence Foliar tretments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flowering
◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development
◆ before beginning of leaf color turning: 1–3 treatments every 10–14 days
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ inflorescence emergence Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flowering
◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development
◆ before beginning of leaf color turning: 1–3 treatments every 10–14 days
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ inflorescence emergence Foliar treatments – single dose 0.8–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of flowering
◆ end of flowering / beginning of leaf development
◆ before beginning of leaf color turning: 1–2 treatments every 10–14 days
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ intensive plant growth Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of inflorescence emergence
◆ beginning of flowering
◆ fruit development: 1–2 treatments every 7–21 days
◇ full yielding
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ intensive plant growth Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of inflorescence emergence
◆ beginning of flowering
◆ fruit development: 1–2 treatments every 7–21 days
◇ after the following harvest
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ after seedling adaptation to the field conditions Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ intensive plant growth
◆ the first flower bud emergence
◆ beginning of flowering
◆ beginning of fruit development: 1–2 treatments every 7–21 days
◇ after the following harvest
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ intensive plant growth: 2 treatments every 7–10 days Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ after the first harvest
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ intensive plant growth: 2 treatments every 7–10 days Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ after the first harvest
◆ after the following harvest: 1–2 treatments every 14–21 days
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ intensive plant growth: 2 treatments every 7–10 days Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ after the first harvest
◆ after the following harvest: 1–2 treatments every 14–21 days
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ intensive plant growth: 2 treatments every 7–10 days Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ after the first harvest
◆ after the following harvest: 1–2 treatments every 14–21 days
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ intensive plant growth: 2 treatments every 7–10 days Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ after the first harvest
◆ after the following harvest: 1–2 treatments every 14–21 days
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ intensive plant growth: 2 treatments every 7–10 days Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ after the first harvest
◆ after the following harvest: 1–2 treatments every 14–21 days
Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ growth of leaves Spraying – 0.1–0.15% solution
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ growth of leaves Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ beginning of onion bulb formation
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ growth of leaves Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ beginning of onion bulb formation
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ growth of leaves Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ beginning of onion bulb formation
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ growth of leaves – until beginning of onion bulb formation Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ growth of leaves Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ beginning of onion bulb formation
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ beginning of growth of plants Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ after seedling adaptation to field conditions – leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ growth of leaves
◇ beginning of the flower head development
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ after seedling adaptation to field conditions – leaf development Foliar treatments -single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of the flower head development
◇ flower head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ after seedling adaptation to field conditions – leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ growth of leaves
◆ beginning of the head formation
◆ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ after seedling adaptation to field conditions – leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ growth of leaves
◆ beginning of the head formation
◆ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ after seedling adaptation to field conditions – leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ growth of leaves
◆ beginning of the head formation
◆ head reaches approx. 50% of the typical size
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ after seedling adaptation to field conditions – leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ growth of leaves
◆ beginning of the head formation
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ after seedling adaptation to field conditions – leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ growth of the main stem and leaves
◆ beginning of axillary bud (‘sprouts’) formation
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ after seedling adaptation to field conditions – leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of the root thickening formation
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◇ after plant emergence – leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of the root thickening formation
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ after seedling adaptation to field conditions – leaf development Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◇ growth of the main stem and leaves
Application times (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ first true leaf development watering
0.05–0.1% solution
spraying
0.25–0.3% solution
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ 3rd–5th leaf unfolded Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of storage root formation
◆ storage root growth: 1–2 treatments every 14–21 days
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ 3rd–5th leaf unfolded Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of storage root formation
◆ storage root growth: 1–2 treatments every 14–21 days
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ 3rd–5th leaf unfolded Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ beginning of storage root formation
◆ storage root growth: 1–2 treatments every 14–21 days
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ 4–5 true leaves / root begins to expand (BBCH 14–15/41) Foliar treatments -single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ 5 true leaves / root begins to expand until root reaches 20% of typical diameter (BBCH 15/41–42)
◇ root reaches 30–40% of typical diameter (BBCH 43–44)
◆ root reaches 50–80% of typical diameter (BBCH 45–48)
Application times for foliar treatments (◆ optimal, ◇ optional): Direction for use:
◆ 2–4 true leaves / 1–2 pairs of leaves (BBCH 12–14) Foliar treatments – single dose 0.4–1.2 L/ha
◆ 5 true leaves / beginning of crop cover (BBCH 15/31)
◇ storage root begins to develop, diameter above 2 cm (BBCH 41–43)
◆ root reaches 40–70% of typical diameter (BBCH 44–47)